What is peer review?

Peer review is the evaluation of a research paper by independent experts in the field before a journal or conference publishes it. Reviewers judge the question, methods, analysis and claims, and recommend acceptance, revision or rejection. It filters out many problems but not all: reviewers rarely re-run analyses, and errors still reach print.

Single-blind, double-blind and open review differ in who knows whose identity.

Confidentiality rules usually forbid uploading a manuscript under review to online AI tools.